How to run and jump is something we all know, we all know how to run and jump, the only thing that differentiates us from each other is the style.
Confucius once said: “ Nature makes men resemble each other and come together; education makes us different and distances us “… in the world of a runner (runner) it would come to be” runners can look like each other, the only thing that differentiates us is the style “.
For this reason, it must be said that when watching athletes or fans of athletics or other sports run or jump, we will see that each one does it with their own style, styles that are not written in any book, styles created by the same person.
Apart from the styles of running and jumping, we also find the types of tests that we can do to compete, these are the following:
How to run
In athletics there are different ways to run in races, which is the speed test there is.
There are different types which are as follows:
Speed racing
They are the shortest distance in all athletics events. It is about running as much as possible in distances that range from 60 to 400 meters.
Before the start of the race, the athlete is placed in a semi-stop position, on a structure that is placed on the track, which is called «Taco». With this, the athlete is propelled at the moment the race begins. These athletes are called “Sprinters”
Hurdle race
As its name already says, this type of race consists of running over some fences without falling and competing with others to see who arrives first. These fences can be made of plastic, metal or wood.
In the men’s race they have 60-110-400 meters while in women they can have 60-100-400.
Middle distance or middle distance race
Middle distance races are races that range between 800 and 3000, in the Olympics however they are between 800 and 1500.
In order to do this most efficiently, athletes take short strides without raising their knees very high.
Long-distance or long-distance running
We can find races from 3000 meters to 42 kilometers. Despite this, in the Olympic Games we will find 5,000 meters, 10,000 meters and finally a marathon.
Relay race
As the same word already says, it is about races where there are relays with other athletes from the same team in order to be able to complete the route without problems in which 4 athletes from each team will participate.
The races are 400 meters and the punishment (object with which they do the relay) must not fall throughout the race.
How to jump
Jump is defined as the displacement that is made when jumping from one place to another through the air. There are a variety of jumps depending on the sport.
Athletics
In athletics we can find the following jumps:
Height: This type of jump is the one made by jumping over a rod, which can be placed at different heights. This rod is called a batten. The athlete has 3 opportunities to make the jump correctly and without throwing it. Once the test is done, it will go up a few centimeters according to the rules of the test, but they will go up as long as the bar does not fall when the athlete jumps.
Length: It is constituted by a jump in sand where you have to jump in length, where you must reach the farthest distance. The measurement is through a measured table. Before the jump it is possible to make a race and later arrive at the arena and make the jump.
Swimming
We have 6 categories within swimming that are the following:
Inside: The back part is the one that falls towards the pool and we have to turn towards the platform.
A forward: The fall will be from the front and the body will turn in the same direction.
Back: The fall is backwards and the body must turn in that same direction.
Reverse: The fall is frontal but the body must turn towards the platform.
Corkscrew: This includes the previous jumps; it only differs by making a rotation on itself.
Hand balance: It can be jumped within the previous categories but the jump has to be done in a position where the jumper is supported by his hands when making the jump.
Horse-riding
Vertical jumps: With a moderate speed of the horse, it will overcome the obstacles that there are without touching them. It is one of the most complicated and delicate tests, since the horse has to jump carefully without touching the obstacles or tripping. He will have the different obstacles: bars, mules, planks or gates.
Long jumps: This is the most complicated jump for horses, since the obstacle is made up of two bars with an intermediate space between them, having to make a long jump, which requires a lot of effort from the horse.
Combination jumps: made up of several combination jumps.
Heating
For both jumping and running, we must warm up beforehand.
Why do we have to do this previous heating?
Every athlete must perform a previous warm-up that will serve to numb the muscles and thus prevent injuries that could be done while doing any of the tests.
Types of heating
There are many different types of heating; among them we will find the following:
Training warm- up: Through these exercises, the athlete manages to improve certain techniques, such as, for example, more flexibility. Although it also serves for the athlete to prepare for upcoming activities.
Competition warm-up: This warm-up will prepare the athlete both psychologically and physically for the next event that will take place in a few minutes.
Session warm- up: Preparatory part for the initial moment of physical education, where the objectives of said session will be worked on.
Depending on the performance we will have 3 types of heating:
- Passive: the one in which the warm-up is done passively, such as in the bathroom, shower, sauna, hydro massage, rest, relaxation…
- Active: This is the one that is done through physical activities that are thus adapted to the next competition that the athlete is going to perform. This type of training not only depends on the physical exercise but also on the personal characteristics of the athlete. Within the active warm-up, two parts can be differentiated, which are the following:
- Specific: Aimed at specific muscle groups in which technical exercises are going to be performed to strengthen the muscular skills that need to be reiterated for that competition.
- General: This is aimed at any sports activity and is used for all athletes in general, for any type of competition. Physical exercises will be performed on all the muscles of the body. This heating will be done before the specific one. These exercises will be stretching and loosening, smooth running and coordination exercises, thereby activating circulation and warming up the muscles of the body.
- Mental: The mental warm-up must be done together with the active one. It is a highly recommended warm-up for those athletes who have recently suffered an injury. In this mental training it is oriented to automated and simple movements.
